Prejudice, Stereotype, and Discrimination

By : Rindy Agustiansyah

christchurchrbgospelreflections.blogspot.com

We know that every people have different perspective about anything in this world, especially about the identity. Perspective Sundanesse people will be different with Javanisse people such as their gesture, ethnic, culture, and behaviour. However, it can make strength for a country that makes to become “rich”. There are some cases which make some differences among identity actually such as prejudice, stereotype, and discrimination.

Prejudice is like an opinion to something, without reasons from great resources which produce negative manifestations of integrative power (University of Colorado, 1998). It usually do in this real life that we can see based on some phenomenon’s contextually now, for example gossiping, mocking, and judging. I am as a Sundanesse person ever did it to Maduranesse people. I neither wanted to have relation with them, because judgemental in my mindset is to tight that Maduranesse people are cruel and unfeeling who hurt the people around them included me. On the other hand, I have changed that wrong principles since I have been staying in Jakarta. Some of Maduranesse people are not like my prejudice, even they are very religious. I have perceived about that from my lecturer and my neighbour.

Stereotype is generalizations about a group of people whereby we attribute a defined set of characteristics to this group. These classifications can be positive or negative, such as when various nationalities are stereotyped as friendly or unfriendly. It is easier to create stereotypes when there is a clearly visible and consistent attribute that can easily be recognized (Changing minds, 2002). This is one of the common issues which almost of people make stereotype about ethnic, culture, behaviour, and identity. Reflecting from my experience based on Sundanesse side that there are some stereotype for Javanisse people which have negative side such as they will come near to other people if they need, and then about positive side from Javanisse people that almost of them are workhorses. I can get that point based on my experience when I worked together with some of them.

Discrimination against persons, then, is necessarily oriented toward them based on their membership in a certain type of social group. But it is also necessary that the discriminatory conduct impose some kind of disadvantage or harm on the persons at whom it is directed (Stanford University, 2011). As we know that discrimination violate Human Right which is included in government policy, but some of the people did it. I have an example based on my experience that I discriminated my friend (call him D)  in senior high school because he comes from Ambon whose has dark skin.  As a common teenager, I imitated my friends to moke him “TOSHIBA”. It is acronym from TOS HIdeung BAu which means that D has dark skin and bad smell. Honestly, I have regreted after have been growing up because did it. I can assump now that discrimination is not important which only make the people have low self-esteem.

Resources :

Retrivied from http://www.colorado.edu/conflict/peace/problem/prejdisc.htm at November, 02^nd 2011

Retrivied from http://changingminds.org/explanations/theories/stereotypes.htm at November, 02^nd 2011

Retrivied from http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/discrimination/ at November, 02^nd 2011

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Technology to Teach Listening and Speaking

http://www.englishcentral.com/blog/2011/05/17/

 Wow!

Great!

Interesting1

Digital Teacher!

October 13^th, 2011

I have learned about how to teach listening for my students to be.  Actually, I am as a teacher should use natural approach to teach listening. What is natural approach? It means that we should teach them automatically without pressure. I have known that natural approach related with Krashen’s hypothesis, especially Krashen’s monitor hypothesis which explains about students will acquire second language subconsciously and they can make correction by listening before they produce second language itself. Traditionally, this approach can make students feel relax atmosphere. Then, according Krashen’s input hypothesis that students will acquire second language stage by stage (i+1). In addition, this is digital era which all of teachers can use technology to teach listening. It is amazing! (Hehehe ^_^ ) There are some webs that I can use for teaching and learning activities:

·         Interactive and Audio-Picture English Lesson

·         British Council – Learn English : Song Lyrics

·         Adult Learning Activities – California Distance Learning Project

I can choose one of webs above which appropriate to teach in my classroom to be. Actually, total physical response is acceptable method to teach listening which relate with natural approach. Mr.Teguh gave me some examples for the use computer in teaching listening skills with the total physical responses:

· TPR games

· Live action English Interactive

· Review of live Action Spanish Interactive

October 14^th, 2011

I have knownthat I can use technology for teach speaking skill. Examples:

·         http://kalinago.blogspot.com

·         http://international.ouc.bc.ca

·         http://schmooze.hunter.cuny.edu

·         www.voicetrhead.com

Actually, I like schmooze and voicetrhead which very interesting. I believe my students will enjoy acquire language with that technology. Yeach, that’s all about technology to teach listening and speaking skill.

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Types and Tools of CALL Activities

Retrivied from http://thecous.blogspot.com/ on October 12th 2011

I am as teacher candidate should remember about that “pedagogic first and technology second”. Computer is one of technology product which is used by teacher. As we know that computer cannot do the entire task as human. This statement is supported by Meskill (2002) in Davis’ journal that there is some activities which can or cannot be done by computer:

No	Computer can	Computer can’t
1	Judge predetermined right-or-wrong answers, e.g., multiple choice and fill-in-the-blanks	Judge unexpected input
2	Provide immediate, yet fixed, feedback, suggestions, and encouragement.	Provide individualized feedback beyond a predetermined list of messages.
3	Provide authentic information through multimedia - texts, images, sounds, videos, and animations.	Engage learner in rich negotiation of meaning characteristic of face-to-face interaction
4	Motivate task persistence •Record learner’s writing, speech, and learning progress	Motivate depth and quality of engagement characteristic of human interaction.

It means that computer is just a tutor and tool which is not perfect thing. In addition, I learned about CALL in the last session.  CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) is a program which is used to teach language with technology (Ex: computer). There is some types of CALL activities that I have gotten from TLL (Technology Language Learning) subject which is multiple-choice & true/false quizzes, games, simulations, writing & word-processing.

Mr. Teguh is my TLL lecturer who gave me three example tools of CALL (Ex: mobile phone, PDA, and iPod). Those tools can be used in classroom for teaching and learning activity. The purpose is to make our students interested in learning. Then we can make a distance course with our students.

Resources:  Retrivied from http://www2.nkfust.edu.tw/~emchen/CALL/unit1.htm#types at October 10^th 2011

Retrivied from Davies, G., Hewer, S., Rendall, H., & Walker, R. (2004). ICT4LT Module 1.4: Introduction to computer assisted language learning (CALL). http://www.ict4lt.org/en/en_mod1-4.htm at October 10^th 2011

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Why Rindy Agustiansyah?

Every people have a name and it has a meaning. Most of the name who given by the parents contain a pray. They want something best for their children, so they give the best name too. Rindy Agustiansyah, it is a name of a girl from Ciamis. She is a second child who was born from a mother whose name Suryati and a father whose name is Dede Hermansyah. In addition she is a sundanesse girl. Perhaps, some of people will confuse with the meaning of that name. Rindy? Agustiansyah? However it is has a good meaning.

Rindy’s name is a hopefully from her mother. In 1991 there was a popular shoes and sandal mark. It is very famous at that time. Traditionally, Rindy’s mother liked to wear it. On luckily, her second daughter was given name Rindy. She hopes, her second daughter can have a good future like a director from Rindi’s shoes and sandal industry. The next reason, Rindy has an old brother, his name is Randy. He is a handsome good smart boy. So, Rindy’s mother expects the second daughter has a good personality like her son, then she was just changing “a” into “i” for the name of her second daughter.

How about Agustiansyah?  Rindy was born on August, 19^th 1991, so her father gave that last name for his second daughter. Then the last part of Rindy’s name, “syah”, was brought from the last name of his father. Rindy has a sister and a brother, and both of their names were ended with “syah” and the name of month when they were born. Rindy never regrets with her name, because she knows that is the best for her. She always thinks that her name make her a lucky condition in her life. Sometime, she hear that some of people change their name because some bad reason, but Rindy proud with her name.

One day, Rindy’s mother followed a small club of saving or “arisan”. She registered with the name of Rindy. Then a month later after it, Rindy’s mother got a winner. So, Rindy more believe that her name is very good name. There is no one who can change her name anytime.

In addition, for the last in this session, there is some suggestion. First, you should give a best name for your children which has a good meaning. Second, the name which has given for your children should contain with pray. Third, you should receive our name sincerely. Last, you should not change your name anytime.

­­­­­Rindy Agustiansyah_2010120035_Section C 

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Social Network for Language Learning

Retrivied from : http://caraloginfacebook.blogspot.com/2010_05_01_archive.html

          Technology is like primary needed in this era. We can see some real phenomenon in Jakarta where almost of people will use their mobile phone, iPod, etc. in anywhere. It is not wrong, because we are digital native now. In addition, technology is used in some of terms which are industry, government, education, etc. Now, I want to focus on education term, which wants to talk. Actually technology allows teacher to provide students with various facilities to teach. Candlin and Murphy (1987) said in their book that technology can be achieved through student collaboration on authentic task and project.

Retrivied from : http://skype-guides.blogspot.com/2011_04_01_archive.html

In addition there is some popular social network now, which is Facebook, Google, Skype, Youtube, and Webquest which can use in language learning. Actually, they can be used by the teacher as tools to teach students in classroom. However, there are not perfect things in this world. So, social networks have strengths and weaknesses.

Social networks’ strength and weaknesses for language 

learning based on my discussion last session:

Social networks	Strengths	Weaknesses
Google	*Google translate *Cendikia (it use to find article); *Browser; *Google books; *Digital course.	*Web 1.0 (one communication0
Facebook	*To share information; *to improve students writing, listening, reading skill. *Web 2.0	*It is not ineffective if use in classroom. *It will destruct concentration of the student language learning.
Skype	*video distance conferences; *to send file; *to improve students reading, listening, writing, and speaking skill.	*It is
Webquest	*to create digital assignment; *to find educated articles; *to improve students reading   Skill.	*Web 1.0
Youtube	*to find educated video *to share video *to improve students listening skill.	*It has many bad video

I can know some social network which can use for teach in classroom.

Resource : Candlin, C. M., & Murphy, D. (Eds). (1987). Language learning task. Englewood  Cliffs, NJ. Prentice Hall.

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Technology Language and Learning Period

CALL, most of the people will think that is one of verb. Actually that is an acronym from Computer Assistant Language Learning. There were two approaches to teaching language before CALL came. First, integrative behavioristic in 1960s-1970s which was divided into two methods, that is grammar translation and audio-lingualism. Those methods just stress about drill and practice, so technology computer was look like a tutor at that time.

Second, integrative communicative in 1980s-1990s which has one method, that is language teaching. The purpose is to increase the ability of students speaking skill. In addition, it calls cognitive approach. It is like conversation class which wants to make students fluent and it ignores about grammatical error. Then, the computer technology is just used for exercise.

                                  Retrivied : www.depauw.edu on September 30th, 2011

However, there is CALL approach now. It has a content which based on ESF and EAP which popular started in 1990s. The computer technology is used to agency, it means that computer become as an agent.  It calls Web 2.0 or two ways communication.

Actually, all of that approach has advantages and disadvantages, but CALL is better than other. I am as teacher candidate will combine all of that method to make students interest in my subject that will be conducted later. However the percentage is going to be biggest for CALL.

Rindy Agustiansyah_2010120035_Section C

Resource: Module teaching learning language. (2011). Sampoerna School of Education.

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Humanistic Study

Tolerance

              Language teacher candidates are going to be a great teacher exactly. They want their students’ interest with their material and explanation which they conduct.  We know that language subject can make though the students bored, if the teacher does not have good teaching methodology and good personality. Actually, that statement is according of true experience. In addition, there are some subjects which can realize the teacher candidates’ expectation. Those subjects are Language Teaching Methodology, Principle of Effective Teaching and Assessment, and Humanistic Studies. However, Humanistic study is main topics which want to be talked now.

            Traditionally, most of the people will think that a humanistic study is one of studies which talk about people and their social. Actually that is right, but it does not talk about that. Mr. Hatim just stress about religion and culture. Honestly, that is sensitive issue, but it is important to be studied by teachers because people who want to be a teacher should have high tolerance. Why should do it? We know that students in the classroom have various culture and religion. You can imagine if a teacher cannot receive that condition. I expect that I can be a great teacher whose have a skill to give tolerance to my students later.

              I am as a teacher candidate and as a writer of this journal have an experience about “tolerance”. I have a friend whom I have known her since I studied in Junior High School. She comes from Tasikmalaya (Tasikmalaya is one of city which has eastern culture). Ani is very observance person. She did everything who was asked by her religion and vice versa. You know, she never wears a trouser. She believes that it is a big sin whose can see “aurat” to Adam’s clan. Well I know about her habit so I try to tolerate her. In other hand, I do not force her to do it.

One day, there was a class-meeting even in my school. It is look like a competition (ex: dance, basketball, table tennis, marathon, etc.). Every class has to send a delegation to follow it, and Ani wanted to be a table tennis delegation from our class. I was happy, because my close friend had a big spirit to do it. However, she cannot do it very well, because Ani wore a long skirt when she did that competition. I had annoyed at that time, but I thought to give her a tolerance. As known as well, giving a tolerance to each other is so difficult, but we should to do it. Especially, tolerating in various religion’s live.

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Principle of Effective Teaching and Assesment

Success teachers are people who can make their students to have cognitive and social skill (Joyce, B, 2009). I have two expectations from that quotation. First, I want to be an effective teacher. We know that, the meaning of effective based on dictionary, the most method coming into use. I am going to confidence if I want to learn about Principle of Effective Teaching and Assessment subject deeply. Miss. Vera has said that the teacher was not just an educator, but they could be a friend, a parent, and a counselor for their students. Honestly, I want to be like that.

Second, I am going to have effective teaching methods. Actually, that is not a little problem, because it will be difficult to find it, if we do not want to know, to understand, and to democrat to our students. And also I will try to be a good role model for them, Vigotsky said that on Ormord's Book in 2009 that “children see, children do”. It means that children as students will imitate adults as teachers in this case. In addition, there are some effective teaching characteristics were identified (Blum, 1984, p. 3-6) based on Richards, C. J’s book : instruction is guided as a lesson plan, teachers have to has high expectation for students learning, students are carefully understand about the lesson, explanation is clear and focus, teacher should be patient to retaught the material, class time is used for learning, there are efficient classroom routines, three communication will be the best (the teacher-students and students-students), and reward for students who have good value. It can be a foundation to has effective teaching methods especially for me.

Resource :

Joyce, B, dkk. (2009). Models of teaching. Pustaka pelajar. Yogyakarata. Indonesia.

Richards, C.J. (2011). Module language teaching methodology : Theories of teaching in language teaching. SSE.

Ormord, E.J. (2008). Educational Psychology : Developing learning. Person USA.

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Technology and Language Learning

By : Rindy Agustiansyah

Computer, hand phone, internet, iPod, etc. They are part of technology. Technology can change from generation to generation. It is look like fashion. We know that the meaning of technology based on dictionary is the branch of knowledge that deals with the creation of technical means and their interrelation with life, society, and the environment, drawing upon such subject as industrial art, engineering, applied science, and pure science. I am one of scholar in Education College who need it. Honestly, I cannot ignore the technology, because I feel enjoy, have fun, and understand about the material, if my lecturer will explain it by technology (video, power point, etc)

In addition, I am going to become an English teacher. So, I conclude that my students will have same filling with me. By the technology, I can teach students who have various multiple intelligence without feel difficult, and also I will not spend my time to do lecturing way in the classroom. In other hand, I want to be a digital generation who have high technology ability, because I do not want to be outdate person. I believe that Technology and Language Learning subject can make my expectation to become a real. I am going to get a lot of knowledge from this subject.

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